Chandas mantras are invocations and hymns dedicated to the science of Vedic prosody, known as Chandas or Chandoviciti. The term 'Chandas' refers to the metrical structure of Vedic poetry, which is considered a divine aspect of the Vedas. According to the Rigveda (10.90.9), the Chandas are born from the cosmic being Purusha, indicating their sacred origin. The principal meters include Gayatri, Anushtubh, Trishtubh, and Jagati, each with a specific number of syllables and rhythmic pattern. The Gayatri meter, with 24 syllables, is considered the most sacred and is the meter of the famous Gayatri Mantra (Rigveda 3.62.10).
The Anushtubh meter, with 32 syllables, is the most common in the Rigveda and is used in many hymns. The Trishtubh meter, with 44 syllables, is often employed in hymns to Indra and other deities. The science of Chandas is systematized in the Chandas-shastra, attributed to the sage Pingala, as mentioned in the Pingala Sutras. These mantras are chanted to understand the rhythmic structure of Vedic hymns, ensuring correct pronunciation and intonation, which is crucial for the efficacy of the mantra. The traditional purpose includes attaining mastery over speech, enhancing memory, and aligning with cosmic rhythms.
Chanting Chandas mantras is recommended during Vedic recitation sessions, especially at dawn or dusk, with a count of 108 repetitions using a rosary. The ritual setting should be clean and quiet, with the practitioner seated facing east. Cautions include the need for proper guidance from a guru, as incorrect recitation can lead to adverse effects. The Chandas are also personified as a deity, Chandas, who is invoked for clarity and precision in Vedic studies. The Devi Mahatmya (Chapter 11) also references the power of Chandas in the context of the goddess's glory.
Thus, Chandas mantras are foundational for Vedic study and spiritual advancement.
Salutations to the personified Vedic meter (Chandas).