The Soham mantra is a profound mahavakya (great saying) derived from the Upanishads, particularly the Isha Upanishad and the Mandukya Upanishad, where it encapsulates the identity of the individual self (Atman) with the ultimate reality (Brahman). The mantra is formed by the combination of 'Sah' (That) and 'Aham' (I am), yielding 'Soham' — 'I am That'. This mantra is not merely a verbal formula but a spontaneous vibration that accompanies each breath: 'So' on inhalation and 'Ham' on exhalation, as described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.
In the tantric tradition, the Soham mantra is considered a hamsa mantra, where 'Hamsa' (the swan) symbolizes the individual soul, and 'Soham' represents the realization of its unity with Shiva or Brahman. The beej-akshara 'Ham' is associated with the akasha (space) element and the ajna chakra, while 'Sah' resonates with the anahata (heart) chakra, aligning the practitioner with cosmic consciousness. Traditionally, the Soham japa is performed silently with the breath, known as ajapa-japa (unrecited repetition), leading to a state of meditation where the distinction between meditator and object dissolves.
The purpose of this mantra is self-realization and liberation (moksha), as affirmed in the Yoga Vasistha and the Avadhuta Gita. It is chanted during meditation, ideally at dawn or dusk, in a quiet setting, with a count of 108 or 1008 repetitions using a rudraksha mala. No specific deity worship is required, as the mantra directly addresses the formless Brahman.
Cautions include avoiding mechanical repetition without understanding, and it is recommended to receive initiation (diksha) from a qualified guru to unlock its deeper significance. The Soham mantra is considered a gateway to the experience of non-duality (advaita) and is revered across various schools of Hindu philosophy.
I am That.
The mantra contains the seed-syllable 'Ham' (हं) associated with the akasha element and ajna chakra, and 'Sah' (सः) resonates with the anahata chakra.