Surya Bhedana Pranayama is a classical yogic breathing technique described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (Chapter 2, verses 48-50) and the Gheranda Samhita (Chapter 5, verses 58-60). The term 'Surya Bhedana' means 'sun piercing,' referring to the activation of the solar energy channel (Pingala Nadi) through controlled inhalation and retention via the right nostril. The associated mantra, often 'Om Suryaya Namah' or a simple bija like 'Ram,' is chanted mentally or aloud to align the breath with the solar principle. The practice is heating and stimulating, intended to increase bodily heat, enhance digestion, and energize the practitioner.
According to the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Surya Bhedana should be performed repeatedly to purify the sinuses and destroy intestinal worms and diseases caused by excess phlegm. The Gheranda Samhita adds that it removes rheumatic disorders and awakens the Kundalini. The mantra is typically chanted during the practice, with each inhalation and exhalation synchronized with the mental repetition. The recommended count is 20 to 80 rounds per session, preferably in the morning on an empty stomach.
Caution is advised for those with high blood pressure, heart conditions, or excessive pitta, as the heating nature may aggravate these conditions. The practice is traditionally performed after asana and before meditation, and is considered a preparatory technique for higher yogic practices. The deity Surya is invoked through the mantra, and the bija 'Ram' is associated with the solar plexus chakra (Manipura). The phoneme 'Ra' in 'Ram' represents fire and the sun, making it particularly suitable for this breath.
The technique is also linked to the Tantric tradition of Mahavidyas, where it is used to balance the lunar and solar currents in the body.
Salutations to the sun deity Surya.
The mantra may incorporate the bija 'Rām' (रां) associated with the solar plexus and fire element, but the primary mantra given is a simple namah mantra without explicit seed syllables.